Finally, in considering potential causes of hearing loss in animals, environmental factors should not be overlooked, such as advanced age and even exposure to noise in large kennels. It is of interest to note that some of these therapeutics also exhibit renal toxicity, as has been documented for aminoglycosides and cisplatin, as well as some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Some ototoxic potential might also be associated with occasionally or rarely used drugs such as the anthelmintic arsenical melarsomine and the antibiotic erythromycin. Of potential concern in veterinary practice are primarily the antibacterial aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and amikacin, the anti-cancer agent cisplatin, and loop diuretics like furosemide, all of which will be discussed in this article. arsenicals, mercurials), drugs that only cause a temporary effect on hearing (e.g., salicylates), and drugs in current use associated with a significant incidence of permanent hearing loss (aminoglycosides, cisplatin). In human medicine, the list includes drugs of past interest (e.g. Only subsequently did laboratory experiments establish animal models from which further insight into toxic mechanisms was gained and which can be used to delineate safe or protective treatments.Ī surprisingly wide variety of drugs are potentially ototoxic, varying in chemical structure and therapeutic targets ( Table 1). 1 It is notable that these side effects were all first discovered in humans, including the landmark discoveries of auditory and vestibular toxicity (ototoxicity) of aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin in the 20 th century. In particular, the knowledge that some agents have the potential to adversely affect our senses of hearing and balance has a history going back at least a thousand years. The awareness that therapeutic treatments sometimes impose undesirable side effects ranging from minor inconveniences to death is probably as ancient as the practice itself of treating ailments with herbs and drugs.
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